ABOUT THE INTERFACE
When you open or create a file, you will be able to seamlessly switch between these modules to build or modify the model input parameters, run the simulations, and display results.
The Display Control Buttons
The ability to quickly and easily switch between plan view and cross-section display of the model is a powerful feature that allows the user to gain a better perspective on the three-dimensional aspects of the model input parameters and simulation results.
The Navigator Cube
The Navigator Cube provides a three dimensional schematic representation of the model grid and layers. This navigator cube provides a quick visual reference of your active position within the model domain. Also, the active mouse location (X,Y,Z model co-ordinates and I, J, K grid coordinates) are interactively displayed below the navigator cube as you move the mouse around the screen.
Cell Inspector
The Cell Inspector is used to inspect selected model parameter values on a cell-by-cell basis. Model parameters that may be viewed in the Cell Inspector include:
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Grid Position
- Model Position
- World Position
- Properties (Kx, Ky, Kz, Specific Yield, Specific Storage, Effective Porosity, Initial Head, and Initial Concentration values)
- Boundary Conditions
- Output
Project Wizard
Improved project creation wizard helps you to choose the optimal numeric engines to meet your project objectives. You can also import MODFLOW-2000, MODFLOW-96, and MODFLOW-88 data sets.
Site Map Layers
Load site maps and overlay on your model. Supported formats included AutoCAD (.DXF), Shapefiles (.SHP), and Raster images (.BMP, .JPG, .GIF).
Grid Design
Visual MODFLOW Pro allows you to rotate the model domain over the site map (.DXF or .BMP format) to align the model grid with the site characteristics and groundwater flow direction. The finite difference grid can be modified by adding, deleting, moving and automatically refining rows, columns and layers.
Automatic Grid Smoothing
It is important to design the model grid with proper grid spacing to give you the level of detail you needed, while maintaining the numerical stability required for the solution to converge. Automatic grid smoothing is used to identify and fix regions of the grid which are poorly designed and optimize the transition from small grid spacing to large grid spacing.
Importing Layer Elevations
Since most aquifers are not 'flat' layers, Visual MODFLOW Pro allows you to import layer surface data from ASCII (X,Y,Z), Surfer (GRD), USGS DEM (.DEM), ESRI (.GRD), MapInfo (.GRD). Import and interpolate layer elevation data from XYZ ASCII files (TXT), MS Access Database (MDB), MS Excel (XLS), and ESRI Point Shape files (SHP).
There is an option to specify control points, manipulating the interpolation results.
Grid Cell Elevation Editor
This tool allows you to modify the individual elevations of each cell using an array editor to modify the elevation value. The cell elevations can also be modified in cross-section using 'drag-and-drop' methods to stretch or compress a cell thickness.
Pumping Wells
Pumping wells or injection wells can be added, deleted, copied or moved using the intuitive well edit tools that allow you to graphically delineate the well screen interval and enter or import real-time pumping schedules from an ASCII text file. For sites with many pumping wells, Visual MODFLOW Pro can also import all relevant pumping well data.
Import wells from .txt, .vc, .shp, .xls, .mdb files.
Multiple well screens for a single well are easily accommodated while the pumping rate distribution between layers is automatically calculated based on the transmissivity of the layers through which it is screened.
Observation Wells
Visual MODFLOW Pro is the only MODFLOW modeling environment that allows you to assign multi-level observation wells, just like ones you have in the field. In addition, Visual MODFLOW is the only modeling software package that allows you to group the observation points into one or more observation groups. This grouping feature is used for interpreting the calibration data for an isolated section(s) of your model domain.
Properties
Visual MODFLOW Pro separates the model properties into two distinct categories:
Flow Properties
Those physical model properties affecting the groundwater flow simulation. Flow properties include; hydraulic conductivity (Kx, Ky, and Kz), specific storage (Ss), specific yield (Sy), porosity and initial heads.
Transport Properties
Those physical and chemical model properties affecting the fate, migration and degradation of a contaminant plume in groundwater, or adsorbed to the soil. Transport properties include; dispersion (Dx, Dy and Dz), bulk density, distribution coefficient (Kd), decay constants, initial concentrations.
Import property zones from ESR1 polygon (.SHP) files.
Properties can be interpolated from XYZ ASCII files (TXT), MS Access Database (MDB), MS Excel (XLS), and ESRI Point Shape files (SHP). Interpolation options include Natural Neighbor, Kriging, and Inverse Distance.
Boundary Conditions
MODFLOW boundary conditions supported by Visual MODFLOW Pro include both steady-state and transient Constant Heads, Rivers, General Heads, Drains, Recharge and Evapotranspiration. The Horizontal Flow Barrier package is also supported.
Visual MODFLOW Pro also supports all contaminant transport boundary conditions available for the latest versions of MT3D including MT3DMS for multi-species transport, and RT3D for reactive transport and natural attenuation simulation. These include constant, recharge, or evapotranspiration concentration, and point source.
For transient simulations, real-time schedules of boundary condition values can be entered directly or imported into the time schedule from an ASCII text file. Recharge and evapotranspiration boundary conditions can be imported from ESRI polygon shapefiles.
Particles
Forward or backward tracking particles can be easily assigned for determining advective transport, preferred flow pathways and delineating well capture zones. Visual MODFLOW Pro’s intuitive graphical tools allow you to easily assign single particles, lines of particles and a circle of particles anywhere in your model domain.
Zone Budget
The Zone Budget package allows you to produce zone-to-zone flow summaries for regions of interest in your model domain. Define zone budget flow observations, such as baseflow to a stream, or flux across a boundary, which can be used for calibrating the groundwater flow model against data other than just head measurements. Zone budget observations can be included in WinPEST.
Enviro-Base Pro
Visual MODFLOW Pro now integrates Enviro-Base Pro - an all-in-one database designed to house a variety of referenced property information used when developing groundwater models. Enviro-Base Pro enables you to consolidate your technical references into one package that can be easily launched, searched and updated.
RUNNING THE SIMULATION
The Run Settings
Using Visual MODFLOW Pro, you can easily set up a batch file to run several models in successions. This powerful feature allows you to create multiple versions of the same model and run them while you are doing other tasks.
- Initial head estimates (import from ASCII or Surfer, or previous run). Option to calculate VCONT from ground elevation or initial heads
- Number of time-steps and time-step multiplier
- Solver selection and convergence settings
- Recharge layer settings
- Layer-types (e.g. confined, unconfined)
- Rewetting options, including option to maintain a minimum saturated thickness for dry cells and to specify a head value in these cells equivalent to the cell bottom elevation.
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Anisotropy option
MT3D run settings include:
- Initial concentrations (import from ASCII or Surfer)
- Solver and advection package settings (UFD, TVD, MOC, MMOC, HMOC)
- Simulation output times
Advanced Settings
For the advanced users of MODFLOW, you can substitute your own manually created input data files for any MODFLOW by using the Advanced Settings. The Advanced Settings allows you to specify which files you will use from Visual MODFLOW Pro, and which files you will substitute.
Batch Runs
Visual MODFLOW Pro also now allows you to easily set up a batch file to run several models in succession. This is a very powerful feature that allows you to create several versions of the same model and then run the models while you are doing other tasks.
The Win32 MODFLOW Suite
Visual MODFLOW Pro includes the Win32 MODFLOW Suite with MODFLOW-2000, MODPATH, Zone Budget, MT3DMS and RT3D compiled to run as true Windows, 32-Bit applications. This unique and powerful modeling utility actually provides you with the ability to control the numerical solution process by manipulating the solver parameters and convergence criteria while the solution is in progress. In addition, it provides a real-time graphical display of the solution convergence data and a detailed graphical summary of the Zone Budget results.
After each successful run has completed, the Win32 MODFLOW Suite automatically produces all of the necessary files required for you to analyze and interpret the results, and produce full-color, report-quality graphical presentations using Visual MODFLOW Pro’s post-processing graphical features.
POWER FEATURES
USGS SEAWAT v.4
SEAWAT is a generic MODFLOW/MT3DMS-based computer program designed to simulate three-dimensional variable-density groundwater flow coupled with multi-species solute and heat transport. The program has been used for a wide variety of groundwater studies including those focused on brine migration in continental aquifers as well as those focused on saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers. SEAWAT uses the familiar structure of MODFLOW and MT3DMS. Thus, most of the commonly used pre and post-processors can be used to create SEAWAT datasets and visualize results.
SEAWAT Version 4 is backward compatible with datasets created for SEAWAT-2000 and, therefore, SEAWAT-2000 is no longer supported or maintained.
More Information on SEAWAT
MGO - Modular Groundwater OptimizerModular Groundwater Optimizer is a simulation optimization software system, that can be used to reduce the costs associated with installing and operating a pump-and-treat remediation system. MGO code can be applied with no or minor modification to a variety of groundwater resource management issues and other types of remediation systems such as bioremediation, optimization of groundwater pump-and-treat systems.
View MGO Summary Paper
GMG Solver Implementation
The new Geometric Multigrid Solver (GMG) solver from USGS has been integrated with the MODFLOW-2000 and SEAWAT-2000 Engines. GMG is based on the geometric multigrid solver method. The GMG solver has been demonstrated to greatly reduce model run times relative to other solvers using a comparable amount of memory.
MNW - Multi-Node Well
The simulation of pumpage by wells is a fundamental and widely used feature of ground-water models such as MODFLOW. Visual MODFLOW’s new addition, the Multi-Node Well Package, is designed to help simulate wells with well screens that span multiple layers. Now you can accurately simulate pumping wells screened in multiple aquifers.
MIKE 11 2008
MIKE 11 2008, developed by DHI, is a world-recognized surface water modeling package designed for simulating the hydrodynamic conditions found in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and irrigation canals. Visual MODFLOW Pro and MIKE 11 2008 are now available as a fully coupled, groundwater and surface water simulation environment. This impressive combination represents the only truly conjunctive groundwater/surface water model combining USGS MODFLOW 2000and DHI’s MIKE 11 2008. Ideally suited for:
MODFLOW-SURFACT
MODFLOW-SURFACT is a three-dimensional finite-difference flow and transport program containing many advancements and improvements over the standard public-domain versions of MODFLOW.
With more robust solution methods and enhanced simulation capabilities for handling complex saturated/unsaturated subsurface flow and transport processes, MODFLOW-SURFACT is specifically designed to address the many limitations and short-comings of the standard MODFLOW codes.
Use MODFLOW-SURFACT when simulating:
- Multiple water tables, or perched water table systems
- Steep water table gradients crossing multiple model layers
- Over-pumped wells screened across multiple model layers
- Surface water infiltration through the vadose zone to the water table
- Large water table fluctuations causing desaturation/ resaturation of grid cells
- Soil vapor flow through the unsaturated zone
DISPLAYING AND INTERPRETING RESULTS
In order to get the most out of the model that you build, it is critical that you have the tools necessary to properly analyze the results. Contouring and Color Maps
Visual MODFLOW Pro creates detailed contour maps of modeling results including:
- Heads, drawdown and multi-species concentrations
- Water table elevations/depth and net recharge
- Head difference between layers and flux between layers
High-quality color shaded contouring is also available for creating presentation quality color maps of all contoured results.
Flow Velocity Vectors and Pathlines
Visual MODFLOW Pro displays flow velocity vectors and flow pathlines. Flow velocity vectors can be used to effectively illustrate the direction and magnitude of groundwater flow velocity throughout the model domain.
Export Options
Export model display to Raster image format (.BMP, .JPG, .TIF, .PNG, .TIF), or AutoCAD (.DXF) in model or world co-ordinates
Export contour lines, velocity vector maps, and pathline locations to ESRI Shapefile (.SHP) in model or world co-ordinates
Export a wide variety of gridded data to ASCII .TXT, Surfer .GRD, or TecPlot (.DAT) Visualization using VMOD 3D-Explorer
To achieve an in-depth understanding of your model, and to effectively present the model results to clients or the general public, we’ve incorporated powerful two and three dimensional visualization and animation tools through the VMOD 3D-Explorer.
Mass Budgets for Flow and Transport
Visual MODFLOW Pro produces detailed tabular and graphical reports of the mass balances for both the flow and mass transport simulations. These reports provide global and local summaries of the mass inflows and outflow from the system, or from a localized region of the model.
Printing
Visual MODFLOW Pro prints full-color, high-resolution graphics to any printer or plotter supported by Windows. The graphical display of the simulation results and/or input files can be printed in portrait or landscape format as a full-page image or with a title block that describes the details of the model and the results being displayed. Color-shaded contours can be printed with or without a color legend.
Visual MODFLOW Pro also prints the on-screen display to several graphics file formats and exports results to ASCII files in two or three dimensional format.
WinPEST
WinPEST has been seamlessly integrated into Visual MODFLOW Pro to allow you to conveniently select the model parameters you want to optimize, and then easily launch the built-in WinPEST application directly.
WinPEST not only modifies the MODFLOW input data files, it also modifies and updates the Visual MODFLOW Project data files. This makes it much more practical and convenient to re-load your model files once the automated calibration procedure is completed.
Supported parameters for a PEST simulation include flow properties and recharge. You can include head and/or concentration observations, and zone budget observations in the objective function.
During PEST execution, you can view a number of useful pieces of information for displaying and interpreting the PEST simulation results, many of them in real-time graphical form. You can also see how PEST adjusted the values of the parameters during the optimization process.
In all of these plots, Right-Clicking on the graphs and selecting Properties will allow you to alter the appearance of the plots. These plots include:
| Objective Function (Phi) |
Covariance |
| Composite Sensitivity |
Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues |
| Parameters History |
Uncertainties |
| Marquardt Lambda |
Residuals |
| Calculated vs. Observed |
Residual Histogram |
| Jacobian |
Prediction |
| Correlation |
Regularization Weight Factor |
Tools for Manual Calibration
An extensive set of built-in model calibration plotting utilities and statistical calculations help you properly evaluate the modeling results and interpret the calibration data. Comprehensive calibration plotting utilities and statistical summaries provide you with all the graphical interpretation tools you need to properly and thoroughly analyze the model calibration data.
Visual MODFLOW allows you to assign multi-level observation wells and group the observation points for isolated analysis of local model regions.
For each simulation Visual MODFLOW calculates the following calibration statistics:
These statistics can be calculated for all observations, or just for selected groups of observation points (as defined by the user).
The calibration plotting options provided include:
- Scatter plot of calculated vs. observed data
- Histogram of calibration residuals
- Time-series plot of calculated and observed data
- Time-series plot of calibration statistics
- Bubble plot of calibration residuals
All plots can be exported to common image format (.BMP, .JPG, .TIF, .PNG), and the plot data can be exported to .ASCII for further analysis.
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Supported on Windows XP Pro SP2, and Windows Vista (Business, Enterprise and Ultimate)
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RAM: 512MB and 1GB (or more) would be recommended
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Hard drive space: 200MB
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A minimum screen resolution of 1024 X 768
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A Microsoft compatible mouse
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Microsoft Framework 2.0 installed
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Accelerate the way you build your FEFLOW and MODFLOW model. 
Theory and Hands-on Applications using MODFLOW-2000, MODPATH, MT3D, & WinPEST 
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